Creating Optimal Conditions for Advanced Learners

Jackie Drummer • April 1, 2025

In April of 2022, the Thomas B. Fordham Institute launched the National Working Group on Advanced Education. The mission of this group was “to promote research, policies, and practices that will develop the full capacities of students with high academic potential, especially Black and Hispanic students and those coming from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.” In their research report, Building a Wider, More Diverse Pipeline of Advanced Learners, they outlined 36 policies and practices, supported by research, to effectively build a wider and more diverse pipeline of advanced learners.


These policies stress early identification and support of talent, extra-curricular and summer enrichment activities, universal screening offered yearly with culturally relevant screeners, use of local norms, acceleration, differentiation, and enrichment opportunities, intentional recruitment of traditionally underrepresented and underserved students, and social/emotional and mental health supports. Additionally the policies support ongoing teacher training in strategies that support advanced learners, and state and local mandates that support all of the above strategies. The members of the working group are all well recognized and revered names in gifted education.


While reading about this project, another article from the Fordham Institute caught my attention. Entitled The Impact of Advanced Education on Underprivileged Boys, this article spoke specifically about the importance of advanced education for this particular subgroup. If you have been following educational news and statistics, it should come as no surprise that our boys currently are lagging behind girls in educational performance. And yet, in their words, “the gender gap in education is less talked about than many other achievement gaps, but it persists. Girls and women are more likely to finish high school, more likely to go to college, more likely to complete college, and consistently score higher on verbal standardized tests than their male counterparts. Even on math assessments, females have mostly closed the gender gap: NAEP scores show similar fourth, eighth, and twelfth grade math scores going back to 1990, although boys had a slim edge in some years. Since boys and girls have similar average IQ scores, girls' superior academic performance may be due to stronger non-cognitive skills, such as conscientiousness and discipline.”


This made me wonder about what can be done to enhance boys’ academic performance?


In a new study (December 2024) from NBER, the National Bureau of Economic Research entitled Can Gifted Education Help Higher-Ability Boys from Disadvantaged Backgrounds?, economists David Card, Eric Chyn, and Laura Guiliano show how advanced programming for students can have outsized effects for boys, especially those from low-income families and English language learners. “The study’s main finding was that gifted programming has a large effect on boys’ college-going but no such effect on girls. Seventy-four percent of boys who met the IQ cutoff (for gifted programming) attended college, compared to just 46 percent of those who narrowly missed it. This is a powerful effect that eliminates the gender gap in college enrollment.” Furthermore, the researchers chose to investigate shorter-term outcomes such as test scores, advanced course enrollment, disciplinary actions, and grades.


What did they find? Though gifted programming had a strong positive effect on enrollment by boys in advanced courses and a small, but positive effect on grade point average, it showed no effect on student test scores (regardless of gender), disciplinary actions, and grades. The researchers interpreted their findings to mean that unchanged test scores meant that improved college-going was not due to improvement of cognitive skills, but instead must indicate that gifted programming was influencing boys’ non-cognitive skills. 


While discrediting some non-cognitive skills, such as conscientiousness, grit, and self-discipline, the researchers questioned whether these students were being socialized differently. In their words, “Many of the boys who participate in the gifted program may be adopting a college-going mentality as they are exposed to college prep coursework, different teachers, and higher-performing – and likely more affluent – peers…it may just result in them feeling like college is the obvious next step after high school, leading to their higher enrollment rates irrespective of their skills, cognitive or non-cognitive.”


At this point I began wondering just what we as educators and parents/caregivers can do to encourage more boys (especially from underrepresented populations) to tackle more advanced programming? How do we make this desirable, achievable, and laudable?


My biggest takeaway from the two Fordham articles is that first we must create as many positive conditions as possible in order for our students, male and female, to succeed and fulfill their promising potential. As the research evolves, we must examine the findings and compare them to our practices and policies. How can we create optimal learning and success conditions for advanced learners? Do we have the will and the skill?


As always, I welcome your thoughts. Together we grow.



By Jackie Drummer, Past President and Current WATG Board Advisor

By Jackie Drummer November 25, 2025
A reflection on the journey of gifted adults, highlighting six developmental stages, key insights from Dr. Ellen Fiedler, and an invitation to explore Bright Adults.
By Dal Drummer November 10, 2025
Almost every week we see headlines in the news lamenting the current state of students and education. Titles such as these – “Chronic Absenteeism Continues to Plague School Systems,” “Why Do Students Spend So Much Time on Their Phones?,” “Should Phones Be Banned From the Classroom and Will That Improve Test Scores?" – are prolific and often worrisome. This often leads to proposed solutions, some which undoubtedly have been tried (both successfully and unsuccessfully) in the past. Why do educational leaders (and politicians) continue to “reinvent the wheel” by proposing and utilizing the same (but re-branded) solutions to student learning problems over the years, dropping one after another in favor of a latest “trend” that will supposedly fix everything? Why aren’t we getting results? I feel the above questions are related and may have an easy solution, one that has produced many studied and practical results. It is a solution that I have experienced in my decades of teaching as well. Recently I read an article in K-12DIVE entitled Drawing connections between art and science can improve academic outcomes by Briana Mendez-Padilla. K-12DIVE is a news outlet that provides business journalism and in-depth reporting on trends in the pre-kindergarten through 12th-grade education sector. In this article, students in Mississippi had persistent low test scores until the school decided to make changes and incorporate the arts (and even artists) to work with and alongside the sciences. As a result, test scores rose significantly, as did social interactions between students. In this article, the author points out that today’s teachers are often competing with technology for kids’ attention. Just taking away technology doesn’t insure greater learning, nor does ignoring it. Teachers need to utilize what attracts kids to technology if they want better attendance and better learning. The author points out that students learn best in different ways (as we know); some students have auditory learning preferences, some kinesthetic, and some visual. Some learn best by reading, others not. Many of today’s students are also heavily into music, movement, and video. This is evidenced by their “plugged in” behaviors and their preference for online creation and viewing. It then stands to reason that the more ways a teacher can present material or allow students to learn using their technology, the more the students will be involved in their learning. Learning or showing evidence of learning can be much more than drawing a picture of the plant cycle (straight out of the science book) or making a shoebox diorama, practices of the past. As educators, we need to move our practices into spaces that our students inhabit. Some simple examples about different ways of learning/demonstrating wave action using science and the arts together could be students acting out wave action through dance using their different music choices (singly or in groups). Teachers could also, using light, prisms, and paints, show how colors can mix and affect how we see our world, and then critically analyze the use of light and color in water portrayed in historic and contemporary works of art (found online, of course). Or students could create music that they feel mimics wave action, mixing and remixing existing music or creating their own. Many of them have technological expertise and a great desire to use it. By teaching our curriculum in their world, using the arts as a vehicle, will, many believe, generate renewed excitement in learning. Finally, in order to develop curricular connections between science and the arts, administrators have to deliberately set aside time for curricular collaboration. Collaboration isn’t something that just magically happens; it takes time, interest, and creativity to connect them, a marriage of will and skill! Professional development time should be used to develop curricular connections, therefore enhancing teachers’ skillsets. Better teaching makes for better student outcomes. Coordination between the arts and sciences shouldn’t take much of a monetary investment; it can often be free, and the results can be priceless. Many free connections exist within community arts organizations, and they can enhance a school or school system. I know this because of my decades of experience as a visual arts specialist and arts coordinator in Milwaukee’s Lincoln Center of the Arts. The arts and sciences have much in common. In fact, through the Renaissance period, the arts and sciences weren’t two separate fields. They were one! They have many connections. Let’s put them back together using today’s technology! See a need for this in your child’s school? Share this article (and others) with them. For more information I direct you to the following articles. https://artsintegration.com/what-is-arts-integration-in-schools/ https://www.kennedy-center.org/education/resources-for-educators/classroom-resources/articles-and-how-tos/articles/collections/arts-integration-resources/what-is-arts-integration/ https://www.edutopia.org/topic/arts-integration/ - Dal Drummer, WATG Board Advisor
By Jenna Cramer November 10, 2025
This blog explains why gifted students need intellectual peers for deeper learning, motivation, and belonging.
By Sarah Kasprowicz November 10, 2025
Highlights Dr. Zakreski’s guidance on supporting neurodivergent gifted learners by asking targeted questions, recognizing sensory cues, and preventing overload.
By Maria Katsaros-Molzahn October 27, 2025
Dr. Dante Dixon inspired educators to help students turn hope into action – building motivation, equity, and resilience to unlock their full potential.
By Jackie Drummer October 27, 2025
Jackie Drummer explores how curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking foster cross-domain thinking—helping students connect ideas and innovate across subjects.
By Maria Katsaros-Molzahn October 13, 2025
The 2025 WATG Conference united educators, parents, and students to explore gifted education topics, inspire hope and resilience, and build momentum for NAGC 2026.
October 10, 2025
This article spotlights CESA 1 PAGE, a parent–educator group in SE Wisconsin that unites districts to offer enrichment, cultural, and STEM opportunities.
By Martha Lopez October 10, 2025
This article explores hope’s role in student outcomes. It offers strategies for educators and parents to cultivate hope in learners.
By German Diaz September 25, 2025
Gifted education ensures equity, fosters innovation, and nurtures leaders. MPS students shine with national honors, proving its lasting impact.
Show More